CCL24

CCL24, or C-C motif chemokine ligand 24, also known as eosinophil chemoattractant protein 2 (Eotaxin-2), is a secreted cytokine that binds to the chemokine receptor CCR3. It orchestrates the recruitment of eosinophils, basophils, and Th2 lymphocytes to inflammatory sites through chemotaxis. This protein plays a critical role in type 2 immune responses, particularly in allergic inflammation and parasitic immunity. Its activity is mediated via the JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling pathways, which regulate cell migration, survival, and cytokine production. Dysregulation of CCL24 is implicated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and eosinophilic esophagitis.
Recent drug development has focused on neutralizing CCL24 or blocking CCR3 interactions. Monoclonal antibodies against CCL24, such as CM-101, are in Phase II trials for primary sclerosing cholangitis and liver fibrosis, demonstrating reduced fibrotic biomarkers. Small-molecule CCR3 antagonists, like AZD-2098, are being explored for eosinophilic asthma. Additionally, CCL24 expression correlates with tumor-associated immunosuppression in certain cancers, prompting investigations into its role as a biomarker for immunotherapy resistance. These therapeutic strategies aim to attenuate pathological eosinophil infiltration while preserving homeostatic immune functions.