CD59

CD59 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein encoded by the CD59 gene. It is found on many cell types in the human body, including red and white blood cells, endothelial cells, and neurons. Its primary function is to protect our cells from complement-mediated lysis by impeding the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), particularly by blocking the binding of C8 and C9. This protective role is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases. Aberrant CD59 expression is associated with a spectrum of diseases, including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH), certain cancers, and autoimmune conditions like diabetes and multiple sclerosis. High levels of CD59 in tumor cells may also indicate resistance to monoclonal antibody therapies. Furthermore, CD59 contributes to the regulation of T cell adhesion and activation and may have roles within the nervous system. As such, CD59 is not only central to immune system balance but also emerges as a potential therapeutic target for the future treatment of various diseases.