CD86

CD86, Cluster of differentiation 86, alias B7-2, CD28 ligand 2, is a co-stimulatory molecule expressed mainly on antigen-presenting cells and is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.CD86 is encoded by its own genes in human cells, and its mechanism of action is mainly by interacting with CD28 on the surface of T-cells, or with CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4), providing co-stimulatory signals that promote T-cell activation and differentiation. providing co-stimulatory signals, thereby promoting T cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. In M1-type macrophages (pro-inflammatory macrophages), the expression level of CD86 is usually high, which can bind to CD28 of T cells and promote T cell activation, enhancing immune response and inflammatory response .

In a biological sense, CD86 plays an important role in the immune response. It is involved in the activation process of T cells and is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and regulating the strength of immune response. In addition, the expression of CD86 has been associated with the development of certain diseases, such as in autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammatory diseases, where aberrant expression of CD86 may lead to dysregulation of the immune response. Therefore, therapeutic strategies targeting CD86 are being investigated for the treatment of related diseases .