IDH2

IDH2 is a mitochondrial enzyme consisting of three subunits, α, β, and γ, which form a heterotetramer of α2βγ and further assemble into an octamer structure. The main function of IDH2 is to catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate to generate α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), while converting NADP+ into NADPH, participating in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and is crucial for cellular metabolism and energy production. NADPH, as an antioxidant, helps maintain the stability of cellular redox status and promotes the synthesis of large molecules such as fatty acids. The signaling pathways involved in IDH2 include the TCA cycle, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and metabolic pathways related to tumorigenesis and development. Mutations in IDH2 are common in tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which are associated with abnormal metabolism and differentiation disorders in tumor cells. Therefore, IDH2 not only plays a key role in cellular metabolism, but its mutations are also closely related to tumorigenesis and development, making it an important target for studying tumor metabolism and developing new therapies.