NFKB1

NFKB1, encoding the p50 subunit of the NF-κB/Rel protein family, is located on chromosome 3. It plays a role in various biological processes, including the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, inflammation, stress response, B cell development, and lymphoid organogenesis. Within the cytoplasm, NF-κB is bound and inhibited by IκB proteins until stimulated by inflammatory factors, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), or growth factors, which activate the IKK complex. This activation leads to the phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, releasing the NF-κB/Rel complex to translocate to the nucleus and initiate the expression of target genes. NFKB1 is crucial for modulating immune responses and inflammation, and its abnormal activation is linked to a range of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and certain types of cancer, making it an important target for drug development.