TG

The gene TG encodes the protein thyroglobulin, also known as thyroglobulin, TGN, or AITD3. This glycoprotein homodimer is predominantly synthesized by the thyroid gland and serves as a substrate for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Thyroglobulin also acts as a storage site for iodine and inactive thyroid hormones. Mutations in the TG gene can lead to thyroid dyshormonogenesis, manifested as goiter and associated with congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroglobulin is involved in the iodination and subsequent biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in the follicular lumen. The protein's function is regulated by various signaling pathways, including those related to thyroid hormone generation and iodide transport. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis, Graves' disease, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis are some of the diseases associated with TG gene mutations. Drug development targeting thyroglobulin has focused on therapies that modulate its synthesis, secretion, or interaction with other proteins, aiming to treat thyroid disorders and related conditions.